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It is essential to be aware of the potential risks and necessary precautions when using ibuprofen. Below is a list of important safety information and warnings to consider before taking this medication:

• Heart Attack and Stroke Risk: Ibuprofen may increase the risk of heart attack or stroke, especially when used for extended periods or in higher doses. This risk is greater for older adults and those with existing heart conditions. Avoid using ibuprofen immediately before or after coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG). Seek immediate medical attention if you experience chest pain, shortness of breath, weakness on one side, or difficulty speaking.

• Stomach Bleeding and Ulcers: The use of ibuprofen can lead to serious stomach problems, including bleeding and ulcers, potentially occurring without warning. The risk is heightened for older adults, those with a history of stomach issues, or individuals taking other medications that increase bleeding risk. Immediately stop taking ibuprofen and seek medical help if you experience severe stomach pain, black/tarry stools, or vomit resembling coffee grounds.

• High Blood Pressure and Heart Failure: Ibuprofen may cause fluid retention, leading to increased blood pressure or heart failure risk. Patients with a history of heart problems or those on blood pressure medications should consult their healthcare provider before using ibuprofen. Report any unexplained fainting, chest pain during physical activity, or irregular heartbeat to your healthcare provider.

• Kidney Damage: Long-term use of ibuprofen can impair kidney function, particularly in older adults or those with pre-existing conditions like diabetes. Regular kidney function tests might be necessary during prolonged ibuprofen use. Notify your healthcare provider if you experience changes in urination, fatigue, dry skin, reduced appetite, or muscle cramps.

• Liver Issues: Although rare, ibuprofen can cause severe liver problems. Seek immediate medical attention if you notice symptoms such as stomach swelling, yellowing of the skin or eyes, dark urine, or persistent nausea and vomiting.

• Severe Allergic Reactions: Ibuprofen may cause life-threatening allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis. If you have a known allergy to aspirin or other NSAIDs, inform your healthcare provider. If you experience hives, swelling of the face, lips, or tongue, or difficulty breathing, seek emergency medical attention.

• Pregnancy Risks: Ibuprofen can harm an unborn baby, especially if taken during the second half of pregnancy. It is crucial to discuss the risks and benefits with your healthcare provider if you are pregnant or planning to become pregnant.

• Phenylketonuria (PKU) Caution: Chewable ibuprofen tablets contain phenylalanine, which can be harmful to individuals with PKU. Consult with your healthcare provider to determine safer alternatives for your child.

These warnings and precautions highlight the importance of consulting with healthcare providers to ensure the safe use of ibuprofen, especially for those with specific health conditions or who are taking other medications.

When using this medication, some common side effects may include mild symptoms such as an upset stomach, nausea, vomiting, headache, diarrhea, constipation, dizziness, drowsiness, and heartburn. These effects are generally not severe and usually resolve on their own. However, if they persist or worsen, it is advisable to consult a healthcare provider for further guidance.

In some instances, individuals may experience less common side effects such as low appetite, stomach pain, rash, ringing in the ears, or changes in vision. These should be reported to a healthcare provider, especially if they become concerning or severe.

There are also rare but serious side effects associated with this medication that require immediate medical attention. These include symptoms of stomach bleeding, such as vomiting blood or having dark stools; signs of a heart attack, like chest pain or discomfort radiating to the arm or jaw; indications of heart failure, such as swelling or sudden weight gain; and signs of a stroke, including slurred speech or weakness in one part of the body. Additionally, symptoms of kidney problems, such as foamy urine or muscle cramps, and liver issues, like yellowing of the skin or dark urine, warrant urgent evaluation.

Severe allergic reactions are also rare but serious, with symptoms like hives, skin peeling, swelling of the lips or tongue, and difficulty breathing. Should any of these severe reactions occur, it is critical to seek medical help immediately to ensure prompt treatment and care.

Ibuprofen can interact with various medications, which may influence its efficacy or increase the risk of side effects. Inform your doctor and pharmacist about all the medications and supplements you are taking, including prescribed drugs, over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, and herbal products.

Some drugs, such as Ketorolac, should not be used with ibuprofen. Your doctor might choose an alternative treatment or adjust your current medications.

There are instances where ibuprofen is not typically recommended with certain medications, yet your doctor might find it necessary. In such cases, they may adjust the dosages or suggest a specific schedule to reduce risks. This includes medications like abciximab, Aspirin, Clopidogrel, Enoxaparin, Warfarin, and others, which are often used as blood thinners or pain relievers.

Ibuprofen may also enhance the risk of bleeding when combined with medications such as clopidogrel and warfarin. If you're on low-dose aspirin for heart attack or stroke prevention, continue unless advised otherwise by your doctor. Ibuprofen might interfere with aspirin’s protective effects on the heart, so discuss with your doctor about possible alternatives like Acetaminophen for pain or fever. If taking both, consider taking ibuprofen at least 8 hours before or 2 hours after aspirin.

Furthermore, ibuprofen can interact with blood pressure medications like ACE inhibitors (e.g., Captopril, Lisinopril) and angiotensin II receptor blockers (e.g., Losartan, Valsartan), as well as corticosteroids (e.g., Prednisone) and diuretics (e.g., Furosemide). These interactions may necessitate dose adjustments or specific timing to minimize side effects.

Always consult your healthcare provider before making any changes to how you take your medications.