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Vitamin D, which includes forms like ergocalciferol (D2), cholecalciferol (D3), and alfacalcidol, is a crucial fat-soluble vitamin that facilitates the absorption of calcium and phosphorus in the body. These nutrients are vital for the development and maintenance of strong bones. Vitamin D is primarily used to prevent and treat bone-related disorders such as rickets and osteomalacia. The body naturally produces vitamin D when the skin is exposed to sunlight; however, factors like sunscreen use, protective clothing, limited sunlight exposure, dark skin, and aging can reduce this production. In combination with calcium, vitamin D helps in treating or preventing osteoporosis. It is also used alongside other treatments to address low calcium or phosphate levels due to specific conditions like hypoparathyroidism, pseudohypoparathyroidism, and familial hypophosphatemia. Additionally, vitamin D is important for individuals with kidney disease to maintain normal calcium levels and support bone health. For breastfed infants, vitamin D supplements are recommended since breast milk typically contains insufficient amounts of this vitamin.