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Propylthiouracil is used to treat hyperthyroidism, which is an overactive thyroid gland. It works by decreasing the amount of thyroid hormone produced by the thyroid gland.

When taking propylthiouracil, it is important to avoid the following:1. Iodine-rich foods and supplements: These can interfere with the effectiveness of the medication. Foods high in iodine include seaweed, fish, and iodized salt.2. Certain medications: Some medications may interact with propylthiouracil, such as anticoagulants, beta-blockers, and other thyroid medications. It is important to inform the healthcare provider of all medications being taken.3. Alcohol: It is advisable to limit alcohol consumption, as it can increase the risk of liver damage, a potential side effect of propylthiouracil.4. Pregnancy and breastfeeding: Women who are pregnant or breastfeeding should consult their healthcare provider, as propylthiouracil can affect the fetus or nursing infant.5. Infection exposure: Since propylthiouracil can lower white blood cell counts, it is important to avoid exposure to infections and report any signs of infection, such as fever or sore throat, to a healthcare provider immediately.Patients should follow their healthcare provider's instructions and discuss any concerns or questions they have about their treatment.

Propylthiouracil primarily affects the thyroid gland as it is used to manage hyperthyroidism by inhibiting thyroid hormone synthesis. However, it can also impact other organs, particularly the liver, as it has been associated with hepatotoxicity. Additionally, it can affect the bone marrow, leading to conditions such as agranulocytosis, which is a significant reduction in white blood cells. Regular monitoring of liver function and blood cell counts is recommended during treatment.

In the management of thyroid storm, propylthiouracil (PTU) is generally preferred over methimazole. This is because PTU has the added benefit of inhibiting the peripheral conversion of T4 to T3, which is particularly useful in the acute setting of a thyroid storm. However, the choice of medication should be guided by the patient's specific clinical situation and any potential contraindications.

Propylthiouracil (PTU) is preferred over methimazole in certain situations, such as during the first trimester of pregnancy due to the risk of teratogenic effects associated with methimazole. PTU is also preferred in cases of thyroid storm because it has the additional benefit of inhibiting peripheral conversion of T4 to T3. Additionally, PTU may be considered if a patient has experienced adverse reactions to methimazole.