Yeast Infection

A yeast infection is caused by the fungus Candida albicans, which typically thrives in warm, moist areas like the underarms or vaginal region in women. Symptoms of a vaginal yeast infection often include a yellowish discharge and discomfort. Fortunately, these infections can usually be treated successfully with over-the-counter or prescription medications. The most common treatments feature azole antifungals, polyene antifungals, and sulfa antibiotics.

Causes

Yeast infections arise from an overgrowth of Candida, frequently Candida albicans. Key factors include:

• Antibiotics: These drugs can eradicate beneficial vaginal bacteria that normally regulate yeast growth, allowing Candida to flourish.

• Hormonal Changes: Shifts in hormone levels due to pregnancy, birth control, or hormone therapy can disturb yeast balance, encouraging fungal growth.

• Diabetes: Poor management can lead to high sugar levels in urine, offering an ideal environment for yeast.

• Weakened Immune System: Conditions or medications that weaken immunity can increase susceptibility to yeast overgrowth.

These disruptions may result in symptoms like itching, redness, and thick vaginal discharge.

Symptoms

If you suspect a yeast infection, you might notice:

• Itching and Irritation: Discomfort in the vaginal and vulvar area.

• Burning Sensation: Common during intercourse or urination.

• Redness and Swelling: These may occur around the vulva, although visibility can differ based on skin tone.

• Soreness and Pain: General discomfort in the vaginal area.

• Discharge: Typically thick, white, and resembles cottage cheese, with little or no odor.

• Severe Cases: Small tears in vaginal tissue might develop, leading to significant pain.

Consult a healthcare provider for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment if you experience these symptoms.

Diagnosis

Healthcare professionals diagnose yeast infections by reviewing a patient's medical history and conducting a physical exam. This includes discussing current symptoms and any past yeast or sexually transmitted infections. A pelvic exam is performed, where a speculum may be used to inspect the vaginal and cervical areas. It’s common to collect a sample of vaginal fluid for lab testing to identify the fungus type, enabling tailored and effective treatment.

Treatments

Antifungal medications are the standard treatment, aimed at eliminating yeast overgrowth. For mild to moderate symptoms, short-course treatments with creams, ointments, tablets, or suppositories, available over the counter, are often effective. A single oral dose of Fluconazole might be prescribed. Severe or recurrent cases may need longer treatments, including extended vaginal therapy or multiple oral doses. In persistent cases, new oral drugs like oteseconazole and ibrexafungerp could be options. Completing the entire treatment course is crucial to prevent recurrence.

Medications

Treatment options for yeast infections focus on available medications:

• Antifungal Medications: The primary treatment targeting excessive yeast growth.

• Topical Treatments for Mild to Moderate Infections: Creams, ointments, or suppositories are applied for 3 to 7 days.

• Oral Medication: A single dose of Fluconazole is an option for convenience or preference.

• Options for Severe or Recurrent Infections: May require extended vaginal therapy or multiple oral doses.

Consult a healthcare provider if symptoms persist, even when using over-the-counter products, to ensure accurate diagnosis and management.

Prevention

Consider these lifestyle habits to prevent yeast infections:

• Opt for cotton underwear and avoid tight clothing that retains moisture.

• Change out of wet clothes promptly after swimming or exercising.

• Maintain good oral hygiene, especially if using inhaled corticosteroids.

• Avoid douching and using scented feminine products to keep the natural balance of bacteria and yeast.

• Use antibiotics and corticosteroids only as prescribed to prevent disrupting the microbial balance.