Angiotensin Receptor Neprilysin Inhibitors: Uses, Common Brands, and Safety Info
Angiotensin Receptor Neprilysin Inhibitors (ARNIs) are a class of medications used in the treatment of heart failure. They work by blocking the angiotensin II receptor and inhibiting neprilysin, leading to improved heart function. Commonly prescribed ARNIs include sacubitril/valsartan (Entresto). Side effects may include low blood pressure and elevated potassium levels. ARNIs should not be taken during pregnancy.
Overview
Angiotensin Receptor Neprilysin Inhibitors (ARNIs) are a class of medications that work by blocking the angiotensin II receptor and inhibiting neprilysin, an enzyme responsible for breaking down certain substances in the body. This dual action helps to dilate blood vessels and decrease the levels of harmful substances, resulting in improved heart function and reduced symptoms in certain cardiovascular conditions.
Uses
ARNIs are primarily used in the treatment of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), a condition where the heart muscle does not contract as forcefully as it should, leading to symptoms such as fatigue, shortness of breath, and fluid retention. They are prescribed to help improve symptoms, reduce hospitalizations, and increase survival in patients with this condition.
Common Brands
There are currently two ARNIs approved by the FDA: sacubitril/valsartan and sacubitril/irbesartan. Sacubitril/valsartan is marketed under the brand name Entresto, while sacubitril/irbesartan is not yet commercially available. Entresto is available in different strengths and is usually taken twice daily.
Safety
ARNIs can cause certain side effects, and it is important to discuss with your healthcare provider whether they are appropriate for you. Common side effects may include low blood pressure, dizziness, cough, and elevated levels of potassium in the blood. In rare cases, angioedema (swelling of the face, lips, tongue, or throat) can occur, which requires immediate medical attention. ARNIs should not be taken during pregnancy or by women who are planning to become pregnant. It is important to disclose any other medications or supplements you are taking, as certain combinations may interact with ARNIs and cause adverse effects. Additionally, your healthcare provider will monitor your kidney function and potassium levels while on ARNIs to ensure their safe and effective use.
Conclusion
Angiotensin Receptor Neprilysin Inhibitors (ARNIs) are a class of medications commonly prescribed for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. They work by blocking the release of angiotensin II and inhibiting the breakdown of certain substances, leading to improved heart function and symptom relief. Available under the brand name Entresto, ARNIs can help reduce hospitalizations and increase survival. However, they may cause side effects and should be used under the guidance of a healthcare professional.