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Metformin is a medication that, in rare cases, can accumulate in the body and lead to a serious, potentially fatal condition known as lactic acidosis. This risk is heightened in certain situations and among specific populations. To ensure safe use of this medication, please be aware of the following guidelines:

• Increased Risk Factors: Older adults, individuals with kidney or liver disease, those experiencing dehydration, heart failure, or who consume alcohol heavily are more susceptible to developing lactic acidosis. Additionally, undergoing surgery or procedures involving iodinated contrast, or taking certain other medications, can further increase this risk.

• Precautions: Your healthcare provider might advise you to temporarily discontinue metformin in specific situations. Always consult with your doctor or pharmacist for personalized advice.

• Symptoms of Lactic Acidosis: Be vigilant for signs such as unusual fatigue, dizziness, severe drowsiness, chills, blue or cold skin, muscle pain, rapid or difficult breathing, a slow or irregular heartbeat, and stomach pain accompanied by nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea.

• Emergency Response: If you experience any of these symptoms, stop taking metformin immediately and seek medical assistance without delay.

By understanding these precautions and potential risks, both patients and healthcare professionals can work together to minimize the dangers associated with metformin use.

When taking this medication, you might experience mild side effects like nausea, vomiting, upset stomach, diarrhea, headache, or a metallic taste in your mouth. It's important to note that a tablet may appear in your stool, which is not uncommon. If these effects persist or worsen, it's advisable to consult a healthcare professional. Be alert for stomach symptoms that reappear after several days or weeks, as they could indicate lactic acidosis, a more serious condition.

Some individuals may encounter more significant side effects, including joint pain, signs of kidney issues such as changes in urine output, unusual skin blisters, or symptoms of heart failure like shortness of breath, swelling in the ankles or feet, unusual fatigue, or sudden weight gain. These should be promptly discussed with a healthcare provider. In rare cases, severe side effects like persistent nausea or vomiting and severe abdominal pain, which may extend to the back, could indicate pancreatic disease and require immediate medical attention.

While this medication doesn't typically cause low blood sugar (hypoglycemia), it may occur if combined with other diabetes treatments, insufficient caloric intake, or heavy physical activity. Symptoms of low blood sugar include sudden sweating, shaking, rapid heartbeat, hunger, blurred vision, dizziness, or tingling in the extremities. Carry glucose tablets or gel as a precaution, or consume quick sources of sugar like candy or fruit juice if needed. Regular meals can help prevent low blood sugar.

High blood sugar (hyperglycemia) symptoms, such as increased thirst or urination, should be reported to your doctor, as adjustments to your treatment or lifestyle may be necessary. Although rare, a serious allergic reaction to this medication is possible. Seek immediate medical assistance for symptoms like rash, swelling (particularly of the face, tongue, or throat), severe dizziness, or difficulty breathing. Always stay vigilant for any other unusual effects and discuss them with your healthcare provider.