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Chloramphenicol is commonly used as an antibiotic to treat a variety of bacterial infections. It is often reserved for serious infections where other antibiotics are ineffective or contraindicated. It can be used to treat conditions such as typhoid fever, meningitis, and certain eye infections. Due to potential side effects, its use is typically limited to specific cases.

Yes, chloramphenicol is still used today, but its use is limited due to potential serious side effects, such as bone marrow suppression. It is typically reserved for specific infections where other antibiotics are not effective or available.

Chloramphenicol can be toxic to humans primarily due to its potential to cause bone marrow suppression, which can lead to aplastic anemia, a serious and potentially fatal condition. This occurs because chloramphenicol can interfere with the production of blood cells in the bone marrow. Additionally, chloramphenicol can cause "gray baby syndrome" in newborns, as their immature liver enzymes are unable to metabolize the drug effectively, leading to toxic levels. These risks limit its use to serious infections where other antibiotics are ineffective or contraindicated.

Chloramphenicol should be handled with caution because it can be absorbed through the skin, potentially leading to adverse effects. It is known to cause serious side effects such as bone marrow suppression, which can result in conditions like aplastic anemia. Therefore, it is important to use protective measures, such as gloves, when handling this medication to prevent accidental exposure.

Chloramphenicol is effective against a wide range of bacteria, including both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. It is particularly used to treat serious infections caused by bacteria such as Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Salmonella species. It is also effective against anaerobic bacteria and some atypical pathogens. However, its use is generally reserved for severe infections due to potential side effects.