Allergic Conjunctivitis

Allergic conjunctivitis is an eye condition that involves the inflammation of the conjunctiva, the transparent layer covering the eye. This inflammation is triggered by exposure to environmental allergens, similar to the process in allergic rhinitis, or hay fever. It is a common ailment, affecting about one in four people. The chances of developing allergic conjunctivitis are higher if you also suffer from eczema, asthma, or allergic rhinitis.

Causes

Allergic conjunctivitis is caused by exposure to certain environmental allergens. Typical triggers include:

• Tree pollen

• Grass pollen

• Animal dander

• Dust mites

• Cigarette smoke

• Chemicals found in perfumes and detergents

Symptoms can vary depending on individual triggers. Some people experience symptoms only during particular seasons when specific allergens are more prevalent. Others may have symptoms year-round.

Symptoms

Key symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis, which usually affect both eyes, include:

• Redness

• Itching

• Increased tearing or watering

• Burning sensation

• Watery discharge

Additional symptoms may include:

• Sensitivity to light (photophobia)

• Feeling like there is something in the eye

• Blurry vision

It's common for those with allergic conjunctivitis to also experience symptoms of allergic rhinitis, such as a runny nose, nasal congestion, and sneezing, along with eye symptoms.

Diagnosis

A primary care provider can diagnose allergic conjunctivitis by assessing your symptoms and performing a physical examination. If the diagnosis is unclear or another eye condition might be responsible, you may be referred to an eye specialist for a more comprehensive examination.

Treatments

There are numerous treatments available to manage allergic conjunctivitis symptoms, primarily aimed at providing relief and comfort. While these treatments don't address the underlying inflammation, they can significantly ease discomfort:

• Applying cool compresses can reduce swelling and itching.

• Artificial Tears can soothe dryness and wash out allergens.

• Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) eye drops can offer relief from irritation.

• Decongestant eye drops can reduce redness, but prolonged use may lead to rebound redness.

• Nasal steroid sprays used for allergic rhinitis may also improve eye symptoms.

Medications

Several medications can alleviate allergic conjunctivitis symptoms:

• Oral Antihistamines help reduce overall allergy symptoms, including those affecting the eyes.

• Antihistamine Eye Drops provide relief but may need frequent applications as they last only a few hours.

• Mast Cell Stabilizer Eye Drops offer longer-lasting relief by preventing substances that cause allergic reactions.

• Combination Eye Drops combine the benefits of antihistamines and mast cell stabilizers. Common options include:

• Alaway (ketotifen 0.025%)

• Clear Eyes Once Daily Eye Allergy Itch Relief (olopatadine 0.2%)

• Extra Strength Pataday Once Daily Relief (olopatadine 0.7%)

• Pataday Once Daily Relief (olopatadine 0.2%)

• Pataday Twice A Day Relief (olopatadine 0.1%)

• Zaditor (ketotifen 0.025%)

Some of these medications are available over-the-counter, while others require a prescription. For severe inflammation, a doctor may prescribe steroid eye drops, which necessitate regular follow-ups due to potential side effects like increased eye pressure and cataracts.

Prevention

To prevent allergic conjunctivitis flares and reduce symptoms, consider these strategies to minimize allergen exposure:

• Wash your hands thoroughly after touching animals.

• Wear sunglasses outdoors to block pollen from entering your eyes.

• Change clothes and wash your hands and face after being outside to remove pollen and allergens.

• Keep windows closed during high pollen counts.

• Avoid window fans that can draw allergens inside.

• Avoid rubbing or touching your eyes to prevent transferring allergens.

• Wash bedding and face textiles weekly.

• Use mite-proof covers on mattresses and pillows.

• Wear a mask and eye protection when cleaning to reduce dust exposure.