Psoriasis

Psoriasis is a chronic skin condition caused by an overactive immune system, characterized by its non-contagious nature. Normally, skin cells mature in a 30-day cycle, but in psoriasis, these cells grow every 3 to 4 days. This rapid growth results in the accumulation of skin cells on the surface, forming thickened, itchy, and sometimes painful rashes. The severity of psoriasis can vary significantly, with some experiencing it as a minor irritation and others facing a profound impact on their quality of life. In the United States alone, psoriasis affects over 7 million people, more than 3% of the adult population, and can occur in any gender, skin color, or age. It typically begins between the ages of 20 and 30 or later between 50 and 60 years.

Symptoms

Psoriasis can appear on various areas of the body, including sensitive regions such as the eyelids, ears, and genitals, though it is most commonly found on the scalp, elbows, knees, and lower back. The primary symptom is an itchy, uncomfortable rash, which varies in appearance based on skin tone. For individuals with darker skin, the rash may appear purple or brown with gray scales, while it often manifests as pink or red with white scales in those with lighter skin.

Different types of psoriasis present distinct characteristics:

• White, pus-filled bumps (pustules)

• Red, purple, or brown raised patches (plaques)

• Smooth reddish-purple patches

These symptoms can differ in intensity and appearance, making it vital to identify the specific type of psoriasis for appropriate treatment.

Treatments

Various treatments are available to manage psoriasis effectively. Beyond traditional medications, phototherapy is a viable option. Known as light therapy, it involves targeted ultraviolet (UV) light treatment, typically conducted two to three times a week for up to three months, either in a medical setting or at home. Phototherapy is effective for mild cases or when combined with medications in more severe instances.

Moreover, complementary and alternative therapies, including herbal remedies, supplements, acupuncture, yoga, and stress-reduction techniques, can improve quality of life. Diet and lifestyle changes are also crucial, as certain foods, medications, or habits can trigger flare-ups. Adopting healthier lifestyle habits and paying attention to diet can aid in symptom control. The National Psoriasis Foundation provides resources on evidence-based natural treatments.

Medications

While there is no cure for psoriasis, various prescription and over-the-counter (OTC) medications can effectively manage its symptoms.

Prescription Medications:

• Topical Medications: Creams or ointments applied directly to the skin, effective for mild cases and can be combined with other treatments for moderate to severe psoriasis.

• Oral Medications: Pills prescribed for moderate to severe cases, also beneficial for psoriatic arthritis.

• Biologics: These target the immune system for severe psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis, administered through injections or IV infusions, often alongside oral medications.

OTC Medications:

• OTC moisturizers and creams, such as Coal Tar, Calamine, Camphor, Menthol, Salicylic Acid, and Hydrocortisone, may be helpful. Consultation with a healthcare provider is advisable to determine their suitability.

Living

Managing psoriasis involves strategic approaches to both mental and physical health. Regular medications, treatments, and checkups are important in maintaining control over the condition.

Stress management is crucial, as stress can exacerbate psoriasis symptoms. Building a supportive network of friends and family provides emotional assistance, while educating them about your condition can enhance understanding. Collaborate with a trusted care team to advocate for yourself during medical appointments. Mental health therapy is beneficial for addressing emotional challenges, and connecting with peers in the psoriasis community fosters a sense of belonging and support.

The National Psoriasis Foundation offers resources and networks to assist individuals in navigating life with psoriasis, ensuring support is always available.