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The following safety information highlights important risks and precautions associated with the use of this medication. Carefully review the details below and consult your healthcare provider if you have any questions or concerns:

• Risk to Infants: Some liquid forms of docusate (Colace) may contain sodium benzoate, which can be harmful to infants and potentially cause brain damage. If your healthcare provider has advised using docusate (Colace) for your child, strictly adhere to their instructions and do not exceed the recommended dosage. For over-the-counter use, follow the package instructions carefully.

• Contraindications: Avoid using this medication if you are also taking mineral oil, as this combination may lead to serious health complications. If you have any conditions that might contraindicate use, please discuss them with your healthcare provider prior to taking this medication.

Your safety is paramount, so ensure you are informed and compliant with all usage guidelines provided by your healthcare professional.

Dok proteins are a family of adaptor molecules that play crucial roles in regulating various cellular signaling pathways. They function primarily as molecular scaffolds, facilitating interactions between proteins to modulate signal transduction. The family comprises seven members, with Dok1, Dok2, and Dok3 predominantly expressed in hematopoietic cells, while Dok4 through Dok7 are found in other tissues.

Structurally, all Dok proteins share a common architecture: an N-terminal pleckstrin homology (PH) domain, a phosphotyrosine-binding (PTB) domain, and a C-terminal region rich in tyrosine residues. The PH domain aids in membrane localization by binding to specific phospholipids, whereas the PTB domain interacts with phosphorylated tyrosine residues on activated receptors. The C-terminal region contains multiple tyrosine phosphorylation sites that serve as docking sites for various signaling proteins.

In immune cells, Dok1 and Dok2 act as negative regulators of signaling pathways downstream of receptors like the T-cell receptor (TCR) and B-cell receptor (BCR). Upon receptor activation, these proteins become phosphorylated and recruit Ras GTPase-activating protein (RasGAP), leading to attenuation of the Ras/Erk signaling pathway. This mechanism helps control immune cell activation and proliferation. Dok3, while also serving as a negative regulator, operates differently by interacting with inositol phosphatase SHIP-1 and adaptor protein Grb2, thereby inhibiting pathways such as JNK and NF-κB, which are crucial for B-cell activation.

Beyond the immune system, Dok proteins are involved in other physiological processes. For instance, Dok1 has been implicated in the regulation of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) signaling by interacting with C-terminal Src kinase (Csk) to inhibit Src family kinases, thereby modulating cell proliferation. Additionally, Dok3 has been shown to play roles in bone and lung tissues, indicating its involvement in a broader range of cellular functions.

The interactions of Dok proteins with various signaling molecules underscore their importance in maintaining cellular homeostasis. By serving as platforms for the assembly of signaling complexes, they ensure precise regulation of signal transduction, preventing aberrant cellular responses that could lead to diseases such as cancer or autoimmune disorders.