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Hydroxyurea, known by brand names such as Droxia and Siklos, is an antimetabolite medication primarily prescribed to individuals with sickle cell anemia. Its main function is to decrease the frequency of painful crises and reduce the necessity for blood transfusions in both adults and children suffering from this condition. Hydroxyurea is typically taken orally once a day. Although the exact mechanism by which hydroxyurea alleviates symptoms of sickle cell anemia is not entirely understood, it is believed to increase the size of red blood cells by elevating levels of hemoglobin F, a protein that transports oxygen. This increase in cell size and water content helps prevent the red blood cells from assuming a sickle shape, thereby reducing potential complications. In addition to its use in sickle cell anemia, certain brands of hydroxyurea are also utilized in the treatment of specific cancers, such as chronic myelogenous leukemia and squamous cell carcinomas. Common side effects associated with the drug include decreased blood cell counts and an elevated risk of infections. Always consult with a healthcare professional before starting this medication to ensure it is safe and effective for your specific condition.