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While low-dose aspirin is commonly used to reduce the risk of heart attacks and strokes, it's important to be aware of potential risks associated with its use. One significant concern is the increased risk of bleeding, particularly in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Aspirin can irritate the stomach lining, leading to ulcers and bleeding. This risk is higher in individuals over 60, those with a history of stomach ulcers or bleeding problems, and those who consume three or more alcoholic drinks daily. Additionally, combining aspirin with other medications that affect blood clotting, such as anticoagulants or steroids, can further elevate the risk of severe stomach bleeding. (fda.report)

Another potential risk is intracranial bleeding, or bleeding within the brain. While less common than GI bleeding, studies have shown that low-dose aspirin use is associated with a 34% higher risk of intracranial bleeding compared to non-use.

In older adults, daily aspirin use has been linked to an increased risk of anemia, a condition characterized by a deficiency of red blood cells. This is likely due to aspirin's effect on blood clotting, which can lead to slow blood loss and iron deficiency over time. A study involving over 18,000 participants aged 65 and above found that those taking 100 mg of aspirin daily were 20% more likely to develop anemia compared to those given a placebo.

Given these risks, it's crucial to consult with a healthcare professional before starting or continuing a low-dose aspirin regimen, especially for individuals without a history of cardiovascular events. The decision to use aspirin should be based on a careful assessment of individual risk factors and potential benefits.

When taking low-dose aspirin, it's important to be aware of potential interactions with other medications, herbal supplements, and alcohol, as these can affect how aspirin works and may increase the risk of side effects.

Medications:

• Blood Thinners: Combining aspirin with anticoagulants like Warfarin or heparin can heighten the risk of bleeding complications.

• Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs): Using aspirin alongside NSAIDs such as Ibuprofen or Naproxen may increase the likelihood of stomach irritation and ulcers.

• Corticosteroids: Medications like Prednisone, when taken with aspirin, can raise the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding.

• Antidepressants: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) like Citalopram, Fluoxetine, or paroxetine may amplify the risk of bleeding when used with aspirin.

• Blood Pressure Medications: Certain drugs for high blood pressure, including ACE inhibitors and diuretics, might have reduced effectiveness when taken with aspirin.

• Diabetes Medications: Aspirin can enhance the blood sugar-lowering effects of medications such as insulin and sulfonylureas, potentially leading to hypoglycemia.

Herbal Supplements:

Some herbal products can interact with aspirin, increasing the risk of bleeding. For instance, supplements like Ginkgo Biloba and Turmeric have blood-thinning properties that, when combined with aspirin, may elevate bleeding risks.

Alcohol:

Consuming alcohol while on aspirin therapy can increase the risk of stomach bleeding. It's advisable to limit or avoid alcohol intake to reduce this risk.

General Advice:

Always inform your doctor or pharmacist about all the medications, herbal supplements, and over-the-counter products you are taking. This will help them assess potential interactions and provide guidance on safe usage.