Panic Disorder
Panic disorder is a type of anxiety disorder characterized by frequent panic attacks—sudden episodes of intense fear and discomfort. These attacks can be overwhelming and distressing even when no actual danger is present. During a panic attack, individuals might experience physical symptoms such as chest pain and shortness of breath. Those living with panic disorder often feel as though these attacks control their lives, impacting their work, school, daily activities, and personal relationships. In severe instances, the anxiety of experiencing an attack in public may lead some individuals to avoid leaving their homes entirely.
Best medications for Panic Disorder
Best medications for Panic Disorder
Causes
Panic disorder is a complex condition, and its precise cause is not fully understood. However, it is believed to result from various factors, including:
Brain functionality.
Personal life experiences.
Genetic history or family background.
Environmental influences.
Certain demographics have a higher likelihood of developing panic disorder, including:
More frequent occurrence in women than men.
Onset typically during late teens or early adulthood, but it can begin at any age.
Development often linked to periods of significant stress or major life changes.
Association with other medical conditions like heart disease and thyroid issues.
A genetic predisposition as the disorder tends to run in families.
Symptoms
Individuals with panic disorder experience unexpected panic attacks that can strike suddenly or when already feeling anxious. These episodes involve overwhelming fear and discomfort, along with at least four of the following symptoms:
Irregular or rapid heartbeat.
Excessive sweating.
Shaking or trembling.
Difficulty in breathing or sensation of air hunger.
Feeling of choking.
Chest pain or tightness.
Stomach pain or nausea.
Dizziness or lightheadedness.
Fluctuations in body temperature.
Numbness or tingling sensations.
Feeling detached from oneself or surroundings.
Fear of losing control or "going crazy."
Fear of dying.
Typically, these symptoms intensify quickly and peak within a few minutes, with the entire attack generally lasting up to 20 minutes before gradually subsiding.
Diagnosis
Experiencing a panic attack doesn't necessarily mean you have panic disorder. A diagnosis is made when an individual has recurrent panic attacks and meets specific criteria, including significant anxiety or worry for at least a month about having more attacks, lifestyle changes due to panic attacks, and persistent concern about future attacks. These symptoms shouldn’t be attributed to other medical or mental health conditions. If there's a concern about panic disorder, a healthcare provider will discuss the symptoms and possibly refer you to a mental health professional. In some cases, laboratory tests might be performed to rule out other causes like elevated thyroid levels, although these tests cannot directly diagnose panic disorder.
Treatments
The treatment of panic disorder often involves psychotherapy, which can be effective independently or combined with medication. Therapy helps manage panic attacks, reduce associated shame and fear, and improve overall understanding of thought patterns and behaviors. The most evidence-based therapies include Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and Panic-focused psychodynamic psychotherapy (PFPP). CBT aids in understanding and modifying emotions, thoughts, and behaviors linked to panic attacks and may be conducted individually, in groups, via apps, or workbooks, with lasting results after ten to fifteen weekly sessions. PFPP, although less researched, might be beneficial as a short-term option spanning two to three months. Additionally, an FDA-approved device called Freespira offers a 28-day breathing training program for treating panic attacks.
Medications
Several medications are commonly used to treat panic disorder:
Antidepressant Medications: Typically the first choice, these manage symptoms and improve daily functioning when taken regularly.
Benzodiazepines: Useful for controlling panic attacks, either alone or with antidepressants. They require regular use but are generally not suitable for individuals with mood or substance use disorders.
Gabapentin: Primarily an anti-seizure medication, gabapentin may help some individuals if antidepressants or benzodiazepines are ineffective.
Is panic disorder the same as general anxiety?
No, panic disorder involves sudden, intense fear episodes known as panic attacks, while generalized anxiety disorder involves persistent, excessive worry about various life aspects. Panic attacks may also occur in other disorders like agoraphobia.
Can panic disorder be cured?
While there's no cure, treatment helps most individuals manage symptoms effectively, reducing attack frequency and severity.
What is panic disorder?
It's an anxiety disorder marked by repeated, unexpected panic attacks, with symptoms like heart palpitations and a sense of doom.
What is it like living with panic disorder?
It can be challenging as attacks disrupt daily life, causing anxiety about future occurrences and social or professional avoidance. Treatment aids management through therapy and lifestyle adjustments.
What are 5 signs of panic disorder?
Include recurrent, unexpected panic attacks, persistent concern about attacks, behavioral changes to avoid triggers, physical symptoms like heart palpitations, and feelings of losing control during an attack.