Atypical Antipsychotics: Uses, Common Brands, and Safety Info

Atypical Antipsychotics

Atypical antipsychotics, also known as second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs), are a class of medications primarily used to treat psychiatric conditions such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder. Unlike first-generation antipsychotics (FGAs), atypical antipsychotics have a lower risk of causing movement disorders. They work by blocking dopamine receptors in the brain, which helps to regulate neurotransmitter activity and alleviate symptoms of psychosis.

Uses

Atypical antipsychotics are commonly prescribed for the following conditions:

• Schizophrenia: These medications help reduce hallucinations, delusions, and disorganized thinking associated with schizophrenia.

• Bipolar disorder: They can help stabilize mood swings and prevent episodes of mania or depression.

• Major depressive disorder: Atypical antipsychotics are sometimes used in conjunction with antidepressants to augment their effects and improve symptoms.

• Autism spectrum disorder: Some atypical antipsychotics may be prescribed to manage aggression, irritability, and self-injury in individuals with autism.

• Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD): These medications may help reduce anxiety, insomnia, and intrusive thoughts associated with PTSD.

Common Brands

Several atypical antipsychotics are available in various brand names. It's important to note that different medications within this drug class may have slightly different mechanisms of action and side effect profiles. Some commonly prescribed atypical antipsychotics include:

• Abilify (aripiprazole)

• Zyprexa (olanzapine)

• Risperdal (risperidone)

• Seroquel (quetiapine)

• Geodon (ziprasidone)

• Clozaril (clozapine)

• Latuda (lurasidone)

Safety

While atypical antipsychotics are generally considered safe and effective for their intended uses, it's important to discuss potential risks and side effects with a healthcare provider. Some common side effects may include:

• Sedation or drowsiness

• Weight gain

• Metabolic changes (e.g., increased cholesterol, blood sugar level)

• Risk of extrapyramidal symptoms (ESPs) such as akathisia, dystonia, and tardive dyskinesia

• Increased risk of stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) in older adults with dementia-related psychosis

It's essential to adhere to the prescribed dosage and follow the healthcare provider's instructions when taking atypical antipsychotics. Abrupt discontinuation of these medications should be avoided, as it can lead to withdrawal symptoms or a relapse in symptoms. Regular monitoring and communication with a healthcare provider is crucial to evaluate the medication's effectiveness and adjust the treatment plan if necessary.