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Vitamin D, including forms such as ergocalciferol (D2), cholecalciferol (D3), and alfacalcidol, is an essential fat-soluble vitamin that facilitates the absorption of calcium and phosphorus in the body. These nutrients are vital for building and maintaining strong bones. Vitamin D is crucial in the treatment and prevention of bone-related conditions like rickets and osteomalacia. The body naturally produces vitamin D when the skin is exposed to sunlight; however, factors such as sunscreen use, protective clothing, limited sun exposure, darker skin tones, and aging can hinder adequate vitamin D intake from sunlight. In addition to calcium, vitamin D is used to prevent or treat bone loss known as osteoporosis. It is also employed alongside other treatments to manage low calcium or phosphate levels due to certain health conditions, including hypoparathyroidism, pseudohypoparathyroidism, and familial hypophosphatemia. In cases of kidney disease, vitamin D helps maintain normal calcium levels and supports healthy bone development. For breastfed infants, who often receive insufficient vitamin D from breast milk, supplements like vitamin D drops are recommended.