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Abacavir, a medication used to treat HIV, carries several important safety warnings that must be considered before use. Below is a summary of potential risks, precautions, and necessary actions associated with this drug:

• Severe Allergic Reactions: Abacavir can cause life-threatening allergic reactions, particularly within the first six weeks of treatment. Key symptoms include rash, itching, swelling (notably around the face, tongue, and throat), severe dizziness, trouble breathing, fever, extreme tiredness, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, stomach pain, muscle aches, sore throat, or cough. If you experience any of these symptoms, seek medical attention immediately. A genetic test (HLA B5701) will be conducted before starting abacavir to assess your risk. If the test is positive or if you have previously had an allergic reaction to abacavir, do not take this medication or any combination tablets containing it, such as Epzicom or Triumeq. If you discontinue abacavir due to an allergic reaction, you must never take it again, as this could be fatal. Inform all healthcare providers if you have had an allergic reaction to abacavir in the past, and dispose of any unused medication appropriately.

• Liver Problems: Rare but serious liver issues, including lactic acidosis with hepatic steatosis, can occur with abacavir use. Women, individuals with obesity, or those with a history of liver problems are at higher risk. Symptoms to watch for include loss of appetite, stomach pain, muscle pain, fast and shallow breathing, extreme tiredness, and sudden weakness. If these occur, stop taking abacavir and seek immediate medical care.

• Immune Reconstitution Syndrome: As your immune system recovers with HIV treatment, it may lead to inflammation due to fighting underlying infections. This can be beneficial, but excessive inflammation can be harmful. Prior to starting abacavir, your healthcare provider may check for existing infections. Contact your provider if you develop fever, difficulty breathing, or other sudden health changes after beginning the medication.

• Heart Attack Risk: There is a potential increased risk of heart attack for those taking abacavir, especially if you have high blood pressure, high cholesterol, or diabetes. Discuss your medical history and current medications with your healthcare provider to assess your risk.

Always consult with your healthcare provider regarding your specific health conditions and treatment options. Ensure all prescribed medications are taken as directed and report any adverse effects promptly.

This medication may cause some side effects, such as difficulty sleeping or a decrease in appetite, which are generally mild. If these effects persist or worsen, it is advisable to inform your healthcare provider. Many individuals taking this medication do not experience severe side effects. However, as your immune system strengthens, it might reactivate previous infections, causing symptoms to resurface. Additionally, an overactive immune response can occur at any time, either shortly after beginning treatment or several months later. It is crucial to seek medical attention if you experience serious symptoms like unexplained weight loss, persistent fatigue, severe headaches, muscle aches, joint pain, numbness, vision changes, or signs of infection, such as fever and trouble breathing.

Furthermore, be alert to signs of an overactive thyroid, such as irritability and a rapid heartbeat, or symptoms of Guillain-Barre syndrome, like loss of coordination and difficulty swallowing. Report any mental health changes, including depression or anxiety, to your doctor. There is a rare risk of severe liver damage and lactic acidosis, especially in women and individuals with obesity. Seek immediate medical assistance if you notice symptoms of liver problems, such as persistent nausea, abdominal pain, yellowing of the skin or eyes, or dark urine. Similarly, symptoms of lactic acidosis, like deep breathing and drowsiness, require urgent care. Always consult your healthcare provider if you observe any other unusual effects.

Abacavir (Ziagen) can interact with several substances, including medications and supplements. It is essential to inform your doctor and pharmacist about all the drugs and supplements you are currently taking, whether they are prescription, over-the-counter, vitamins, or herbal products.

This medication should not be used alongside other medications containing abacavir, as this can lead to serious complications. Always check your other prescriptions to ensure they do not contain abacavir.

Certain interactions are usually not recommended, except in specific cases where they might be necessary. If you are prescribed abacavir alongside medications like Cabotegravir, Orlistat, or Ribavirin, your doctor might adjust the dosage or frequency of one or both medicines to mitigate risks.

Additionally, combining abacavir with Methadone or Tipranavir might increase the likelihood of side effects. However, your healthcare provider may determine that using both drugs is the best option for your treatment. In such cases, adjustments to dosage or usage may be made to ensure safety and effectiveness. Always consult your healthcare provider for personalized advice.