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When using lamivudine for the treatment of hepatitis B or HIV, it is crucial to be aware of the following safety information and precautions. This medication requires careful monitoring and consideration of potential risks, so please consult your healthcare provider for personalized advice.

• HIV and Hepatitis B Co-Infection: If you have both HIV and hepatitis B, do not use lamivudine-HBV (Epivir HBV) as it contains an insufficient dose for treating HIV. This can lead to the development of drug-resistant HIV strains. Ensure you are tested for both infections before starting treatment to receive the appropriate dosage for each condition.

• Liver and Blood Monitoring: Discontinuing lamivudine can lead to a severe exacerbation of hepatitis. Liver function tests should be continued for several months after stopping medication. Additionally, lamivudine can cause lactic acidosis and fatty liver, both potentially life-threatening, particularly in females or individuals with larger body size. Regular blood tests are advised to monitor liver health.

• Pancreatitis in Children: There have been rare reports of pancreatitis in children taking lamivudine. Symptoms include upper stomach pain, fever, nausea, and vomiting. If these occur, seek medical attention promptly.

• Immune Reconstitution Syndrome: When treating HIV with lamivudine (Epivir), there is a risk of immune reconstitution syndrome, where the immune system becomes overly active. This may lead to autoimmune reactions. Be vigilant for new symptoms such as fever, pain, or hair loss, and report them to your provider.

• Interactions with Sorbitol: When using the oral solution of lamivudine (Epivir), particularly in children, be aware that the presence of sorbitol in other oral solutions can decrease the effectiveness of the medication. Consider tablets instead if the child is over 14 kg (30 pounds), and ensure regular blood work to verify efficacy.

In the event of an overdose, seek emergency medical attention immediately. Always follow your healthcare provider's instructions and discuss any concerns or symptoms you experience while on lamivudine therapy.

When taking this medication, some individuals may experience common side effects, which are usually mild and manageable. These include headaches, nausea, tiredness, runny nose, congestion, cough, diarrhea, nerve pain, muscle pain, trouble sleeping, fever or chills, loss of appetite, dizziness, and indigestion. If these symptoms persist or worsen, it is advisable to consult your healthcare provider for guidance.

There are other side effects reported by some users, such as belly pain, cramps, feeling depressed, skin rashes, and joint or muscle pain. While these can be concerning, they are generally not serious. However, if any of these side effects significantly affect your well-being, seeking medical advice is recommended.

Rare but serious side effects require immediate medical attention. These include severe liver problems, characterized by persistent nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, abdominal pain, yellowing of eyes or skin, and dark urine. Additionally, a dangerous buildup of lactic acid in the blood may occur, with symptoms like extreme weakness, rapid breathing, fast heartbeat, and confusion. In such cases, urgent medical help is essential.

Severe allergic reactions are very rare but potentially life-threatening. Symptoms may include rash, swelling of the face, tongue, or throat, severe dizziness, and difficulty breathing. If you encounter any of these, seek emergency medical assistance immediately. Always report any unusual side effects to your healthcare provider for further evaluation.

Lamivudine may have interactions with certain medications or supplements. It is important to inform your doctor and pharmacist about any other drugs or supplements you are taking, whether they are prescription, over-the-counter, vitamins, or herbal products.

1. Sorbitol: Avoid using lamivudine with sorbitol, as it can interfere with the effectiveness of the drug.

2. Lamivudine-containing products: Do not take lamivudine with other products containing lamivudine, including some HIV medications, as this can lead to an overdose.

3. Emtricitabine: Since emtricitabine is similar to lamivudine, taking them together is not recommended to avoid potential adverse effects.

4. Other medications: Certain drugs like cabotegravir, horsetail, and orlistat may interact with lamivudine. If these are prescribed alongside lamivudine, your doctor might adjust the dosage or frequency.

Additionally, lamivudine may affect the results of certain lab tests, such as liver function tests, by causing false readings. Ensure that all healthcare providers and lab personnel are aware that you are using this medication.