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Minoxidil is a medication used when other treatments have been ineffective or unsuitable. However, it is important to be aware of the potential risks and necessary precautions associated with its use. Below is a summary of critical safety information:

• Heart Risks: Minoxidil may cause an increased heart rate and worsen chest pain (angina). It can also lead to severe heart conditions such as pericarditis (swelling around the heart) and pericardial effusion (fluid buildup around the heart), which could result in cardiac tamponade, a life-threatening condition.

• Medication Combination: To mitigate these risks, it is typically necessary to take additional medications, such as a beta-blocker (e.g., propranolol) to manage heart rate and a diuretic to prevent fluid and salt retention.

• Fluid and Salt Retention: The medication can cause the body to retain excess salt and water, potentially leading to swelling in the legs, ankles, feet, arms, and hands. This retention increases the risk of heart failure, a condition where the heart cannot effectively pump blood.

• Blood Pressure Concerns: Rapid lowering of high blood pressure by minoxidil can lead to adverse effects including fainting, stroke, heart attack, and loss of vision or hearing. For individuals with extremely high blood pressure, treatment initiation should occur in a hospital setting to safely monitor blood pressure changes.

• Contraindications: Minoxidil should not be used by individuals with pheochromocytoma, a rare adrenal gland tumor, due to significant health risks.

• Regular Monitoring: It is crucial to maintain regular medical and laboratory appointments as directed by your healthcare provider to monitor the effects of minoxidil closely.

In the event of an overdose, seek immediate medical assistance. Always consult with your healthcare provider if you have any concerns or questions regarding the use of minoxidil.

Common side effects:

• dizziness or lightheadedness

• increase or darkening of fine body hairs

  Less common but important to monitor:

• swelling due to fluid buildup
• nausea
• vomiting
• skin rash
• breast tenderness

• faster heart rate

  Serious side effects:

• fast heartbeat
• chest pain
• shortness of breath
• swelling in the ankles or feet
• unexplained tiredness
• sudden weight gain
• serious skin reactions such as rash, hives, peeling or blistering skin, and flu-like symptoms
• severe allergic reaction including rash, itching, swelling of the face, tongue, or throat, severe dizziness, and trouble breathing

Interactions with high risk of serious adverse effects and should be avoided:

• guanethidine

Interactions with low risk that usually do not require a change in therapy:

• cough-and-cold products
• diet aids
• NSAIDs such as Ibuprofen/Naproxen