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This medication carries important safety information that must be carefully reviewed to understand the potential risks associated with its use. Patients are encouraged to consult their healthcare provider if they have any concerns.

• Lung Damage: Rarely, nitrofurantoin (Macrobid) can harm the lungs, particularly if used for more than six months. If you experience persistent coughing or breathing difficulties, contact your healthcare provider promptly.

• Liver Damage: Severe or life-threatening liver damage can occur in rare instances. Those with a history of liver issues may be at increased risk. Symptoms such as unexplained stomach pain, nausea, vomiting, dark urine, pale stools, or yellowing of the skin or eyes should prompt immediate medical attention. Regular blood tests may be necessary to monitor liver health.

• Nerve Damage (Neuropathy): This medication can harm the nerves, potentially leading to permanent damage, particularly in individuals with kidney issues. If you notice numbness, tingling, or a prickling sensation, inform your healthcare provider. Long-term use of nitrofurantoin may require regular blood tests to assess kidney function and nerve health.

• Breakdown of Red Blood Cells (Hemolytic Anemia): This condition can occur due to a deficiency of the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) protein, more common in Black individuals and those of Mediterranean or Middle Eastern descent. Report any unexplained weakness, dizziness, or fatigue to your provider.

• Severe Diarrhea: Diarrhea can result from changes in gut bacteria caused by nitrofurantoin. Rarely, it may be due to Clostridioides difficile (C. diff), which is highly contagious and can cause life-threatening dehydration. If you experience watery or bloody stools, stomach cramps, or fever, seek medical advice immediately. Practice good hygiene and, if diagnosed with C. diff, use a separate bathroom from others until recovery.

Contraindications: This medication should not be used if you have any of the following conditions, as it may pose serious health risks:

• History of liver damage or jaundice related to nitrofurantoin use
• Severe kidney problems
• Significantly reduced or absent urination
• Women between 38 to 42 weeks of pregnancy and during labor and delivery
• Infants under one month of age

Always discuss your medical history and any concerns with your healthcare provider before starting this medication.

Nitrofurantoin, like many medications, can have side effects. Commonly, individuals may experience nausea, headache, and gas. These symptoms are usually mild, but if they persist or worsen, it's advisable to consult a healthcare provider. Some users may also report diarrhea, vomiting, upset stomach, stomach pain, dizziness, drowsiness, itchiness, fever, chills, or a "pins and needles" sensation in the arms and legs. While these effects can be uncomfortable, they often resolve on their own.

However, there are more serious side effects that require immediate medical attention. Severe allergic reactions, though rare, can manifest as hives, rash, muscle aches, chills, fever, swelling of the lips or tongue, and difficulty breathing. Nitrofurantoin can also rarely cause severe diarrhea, especially if associated with a bacterial infection called C. difficile, leading to abdominal pain, blood/mucus in stools, and persistent diarrhea. Avoid anti-diarrhea medications if these symptoms occur, as they can worsen the condition.

Additionally, the medication might cause liver issues, indicated by symptoms such as severe stomach pain, vomiting, yellowing of the skin or eyes, and dark urine. It's crucial to seek medical help if you notice these signs alongside persistent nausea or abdominal pain. Nitrofurantoin can also lead to serious lung problems, especially with prolonged use, characterized by a persistent cough, chest pain, shortness of breath, joint/muscle pain, and bluish skin.

In rare cases, there may be numbness or tingling in the hands and feet or unusual muscle weakness. Prolonged use could result in oral thrush or a new vaginal yeast infection, noticeable by white patches in the mouth or changes in vaginal discharge. Always consult your healthcare provider if you experience any of these serious side effects to ensure timely medical intervention.

When taking Nitrofurantoin (Macrobid), it's important to be aware of potential interactions with other drugs and supplements. Inform your doctor and pharmacist about all the medications, including over-the-counter drugs, vitamins, and herbal supplements, that you're currently using. Nitrofurantoin may particularly interact with the Cholera Vaccine, Live, and Fluconazole. Combining these with Nitrofurantoin is generally not advisable unless deemed necessary by your healthcare provider, who may adjust dosages or usage frequency to accommodate both medications safely.

Additionally, Nitrofurantoin might interfere with specific laboratory tests, such as certain urine glucose tests, potentially leading to inaccurate results. Ensure that your healthcare providers and lab technicians are aware that you are taking this medication.