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Nitrofurantoin, commonly known as Macrobid, is an antibiotic specifically used to treat or prevent urinary tract infections (UTIs), particularly bladder infections such as acute cystitis. This medication works by accumulating in the urine and targeting bacteria in the urinary tract. It disrupts the functions of essential proteins, thereby stopping bacterial growth and survival. Nitrofurantoin is effective only against bacterial infections and should not be used for viral infections like the common cold or flu. It is important to use this antibiotic only when prescribed to prevent resistance. Nitrofurantoin is not suitable for treating infections outside the bladder, including kidney infections like pyelonephritis. It is also not recommended for infants under one month of age. Some common side effects include nausea, headaches, and gas, and it may cause urine to appear dark yellow or brown. There is a generic version available, which is often more affordable. Always consult with a healthcare professional before starting any new medication.