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This document outlines essential safety and warning information for the use of nitrofurantoin (Macrobid). It is crucial to review these details and discuss any concerns with your healthcare provider.

• Lung Damage: Rarely, prolonged use of nitrofurantoin, especially beyond six months, may cause lung damage. If you experience persistent coughing or difficulty breathing, seek medical attention promptly.

• Liver Damage: In very rare cases, nitrofurantoin can lead to severe liver damage, particularly in individuals with existing or previous liver issues. Watch for symptoms such as unexplained abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, dark urine, light-colored stools, or yellowing of the skin or eyes. Immediate consultation with your healthcare provider and liver function testing may be necessary.

• Nerve Damage (Neuropathy): Although uncommon, nitrofurantoin can cause nerve damage, especially in those with kidney issues. Symptoms may include numbness, tingling, or prickling sensations. Long-term users may require regular blood tests to monitor for potential nerve damage.

• Breakdown of Red Blood Cells (Hemolytic Anemia): This medication can affect red blood cells, particularly in individuals with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency. Those of Black, Mediterranean, or Middle Eastern descent are at higher risk. Report any unexplained weakness, dizziness, or fatigue to your healthcare provider.

• Severe Diarrhea: As with other antibiotics, nitrofurantoin may cause diarrhea, sometimes due to an overgrowth of Clostridioides difficile (C. diff). If you experience watery or bloody stools, stomach cramps, or fever, contact your provider immediately. Maintain good hygiene to prevent spreading infection.

Contraindications: Avoid using nitrofurantoin if you have a history of liver damage or jaundice linked to its use, severe kidney issues, reduced or absent urination, are a female in the late stages of pregnancy or in labor, or if the patient is a child under one month old. Always consult with your healthcare provider if any of these conditions apply.

When taking this medication, some people may experience common side effects such as nausea, headache, and gas. While these are typically mild and often resolve on their own, taking the medication with food can help alleviate nausea. If these symptoms persist or worsen, it's important to consult your healthcare provider.

In some cases, other side effects may occur, including diarrhea, vomiting, upset stomach, stomach pain, dizziness, drowsiness, itchiness, fever, chills, and a "pins and needles" sensation in the arms and legs. These effects are generally not serious, but if they become bothersome, reaching out to a healthcare professional is advised.

Rarely, this medication can cause serious side effects that require immediate medical attention. These include severe allergic reactions, characterized by hives, rash, muscle aches, chills, fever, swelling of the lips or tongue, and difficulty breathing. Severe diarrhea and trouble breathing or a new/worsening cough are also critical signs to watch for.

Additionally, this medication can lead to liver problems, which are identified by symptoms such as stomach bloating, severe stomach pain with vomiting, yellowing of the skin or eyes, and dark urine. Prompt medical evaluation is crucial if any of these signs appear.

In rare instances, prolonged use may cause oral thrush or vaginal yeast infections, indicated by white patches in the mouth or changes in vaginal discharge. Uncommon yet serious side effects include lung issues, severe headaches, signs of infection, easy bruising, mental changes, vision issues, and nerve or blood problems. If any unusual symptoms arise, seek medical guidance immediately.

Most people using this medication do not experience serious side effects. However, being aware of these possibilities helps ensure prompt action if needed. Always discuss any concerns or symptoms with your healthcare provider.

Nitrofurantoin, also known as Macrobid, can interact with certain medications and supplements. It is crucial to inform your doctor and pharmacist about all the medications and supplements you are taking, whether they are prescribed, over-the-counter, vitamins, or herbal products. Some interactions may not be listed here, so complete transparency with your healthcare providers is essential.

Particularly, Nitrofurantoin may interfere with lab tests, such as urine glucose tests, potentially leading to incorrect results. It's important that all your doctors and lab technicians are aware that you are using this medication.

Additionally, there are specific medications with which Nitrofurantoin is generally not recommended unless absolutely necessary. If Nitrofurantoin and these medications, such as Cholera Vaccine, Live, and Fluconazole, must be used together, your doctor may need to adjust the dosage or frequency of one or both medications to ensure safety and effectiveness.