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Cetirizine hydrochloride is a widely used antihistamine for managing allergy symptoms. While generally safe, certain risks are associated with its use, particularly in specific populations and under certain conditions.

Severe Itching After Discontinuation: The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has highlighted a rare but significant risk of severe itching, known as pruritus, occurring after stopping long-term use of cetirizine. This reaction has been reported in individuals who used the medication daily for several months or years and did not experience itching prior to starting the treatment. Symptoms typically emerge within a few days after discontinuation. If you experience severe itching after stopping cetirizine, consult your healthcare provider promptly.

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Individuals with a known allergy to cetirizine, hydroxyzine, or any of the medication's components should avoid using cetirizine, as it may trigger serious allergic reactions. Symptoms can include difficulty breathing, swelling of the face or throat, and hives. Seek immediate medical attention if you experience any signs of a severe allergic reaction.

Central Nervous System Depression: Cetirizine may cause drowsiness or sedation, which can impair your ability to perform tasks requiring alertness, such as driving or operating machinery. The sedative effect can be intensified when combined with alcohol, sedatives, or tranquilizers. It's advisable to avoid such combinations and to understand how cetirizine affects you before engaging in activities that require full alertness.

Use in Older Adults: People aged 65 and older may be more sensitive to cetirizine's effects, including drowsiness and decreased alertness. Additionally, older adults are more likely to have decreased kidney function, which can affect how the body processes the medication. A lower dose may be recommended for this age group to minimize potential risks.

Liver and Kidney Impairment: Individuals with liver or kidney disease should use cetirizine with caution. The medication is processed by the liver and excreted by the kidneys; impaired function in these organs can lead to increased levels of the drug in the body, raising the risk of adverse effects. Healthcare providers may adjust the dosage accordingly in such cases.

Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: While cetirizine is generally considered safe during pregnancy, it's important to consult your healthcare provider before using it if you are pregnant or planning to become pregnant. Cetirizine is excreted in breast milk; therefore, its use is not recommended while breastfeeding.

Phenylketonuria (PKU): Some formulations of cetirizine, such as chewable tablets, may contain phenylalanine. Individuals with PKU, a rare genetic disorder, should be aware of this, as phenylalanine can be harmful in this condition.

Always consult your healthcare provider to determine if cetirizine is appropriate for you, especially if you have underlying health conditions or are taking other medications.

Cetirizine hydrochloride is an antihistamine commonly used to alleviate allergy symptoms such as sneezing, runny nose, itchy or watery eyes, and hives. While many individuals tolerate cetirizine well, some may experience side effects. It's important to be aware of these potential reactions to use the medication safely. Common Side Effects:

• Drowsiness and Fatigue: Some individuals may feel sleepy or tired after taking cetirizine. This effect is generally mild but can affect activities requiring alertness, such as driving.
• Dry Mouth: A sensation of dryness in the mouth may occur. Staying hydrated and chewing sugar-free gum can help alleviate this discomfort.
• Headache: Some users report headaches, which are typically mild and temporary.
• Dizziness: A feeling of lightheadedness may occur, especially when standing up quickly. Rising slowly from a sitting or lying position can help minimize this effect.
• Gastrointestinal Issues: Nausea, stomach pain, or diarrhea can occur, particularly in children. Taking the medication with food may help reduce stomach discomfort. Less Common Side Effects:
• Difficulty Urinating: Some individuals may experience trouble passing urine. If this occurs, it's important to consult a healthcare provider.
• Allergic Reactions: Although rare, serious allergic reactions can happen. Symptoms may include rash, itching or swelling (especially of the face, tongue, or throat), severe dizziness, or trouble breathing. Seek immediate medical attention if these occur.
• Severe Itching After Discontinuation: In rare cases, stopping cetirizine after long-term use may lead to intense itching. If you experience this, contact your healthcare provider. Precautions:
• Alcohol and Sedatives: Combining cetirizine with alcohol or other sedative medications can enhance drowsiness. It's advisable to avoid such combinations.
• Medical Conditions: Individuals with kidney or liver issues should consult their doctor before using cetirizine, as dosage adjustments may be necessary.
• Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: If you are pregnant or breastfeeding, discuss with your healthcare provider whether cetirizine is appropriate for you. Always follow the recommended dosage and consult a healthcare professional if you have concerns about side effects or interactions with other medications.

When taking Cetirizine, it's important to be aware of potential interactions with other substances that can enhance drowsiness or other side effects. Combining cetirizine with alcohol, sedatives, tranquilizers, or other medications that depress the central nervous system may lead to increased drowsiness or decreased alertness. Therefore, it's advisable to avoid consuming alcohol or using other central nervous system depressants while taking cetirizine.

Additionally, certain medications can interact with cetirizine. For instance, Theophylline, a drug used for asthma and other respiratory conditions, may affect how cetirizine is processed in the body. If you're taking theophylline, consult your healthcare provider before starting cetirizine.

Always inform your doctor or pharmacist about all the medications and supplements you're currently using to ensure safe and effective use of cetirizine.