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Morphine is a powerful medication that requires careful use due to its associated risks. Below are essential safety precautions and warnings to consider when using morphine:

• Risk of Abuse and Addiction: Morphine can be habit-forming, even at prescribed doses, and misuse can lead to overdose and death. To minimize this risk, your healthcare provider should prescribe the smallest effective dose for the shortest possible duration. A history of substance use disorder or mental health conditions may increase the risk of addiction.

• Breathing Complications: Morphine can cause severe, sometimes fatal, breathing problems, particularly at the start of treatment or after a dose increase. Avoid combining morphine with alcohol or other substances that slow breathing, such as benzodiazepines or muscle relaxants. If you experience symptoms like slow or shallow breathing, bluish lips, or extreme drowsiness, seek emergency medical assistance immediately.

• Overdose Risks: Accidental overdose is a serious concern with morphine. To address this, consider having naloxone available and ensure you and those around you know how to use it. Symptoms of an overdose include extremely slow breathing, a slow heartbeat, excessive sleepiness, cold or clammy skin, and unresponsiveness. Call emergency services if an overdose is suspected.

• Pregnancy Considerations: If you are pregnant or planning to become pregnant, discuss the risks with your doctor. Prolonged use during pregnancy can lead to neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS) in newborns, characterized by symptoms such as persistent crying, poor feeding, and irritability. Use morphine during pregnancy only if absolutely necessary.

• Impaired Concentration and Drowsiness: Morphine may cause significant drowsiness and impair your ability to think and react. Avoid alcohol and other sedatives while using morphine. Ensure you understand how the drug affects you before driving or operating machinery.

• Hormonal Effects: Extended use of morphine may lead to decreased hormone levels, causing symptoms like nausea, fatigue, and dizziness. Report these symptoms to your healthcare provider.

• Blood Pressure Issues: Morphine might cause dangerously low blood pressure, especially when rising from a sitting or lying position. Stand up slowly to prevent dizziness or fainting. If symptoms persist, contact your healthcare provider.

• Seizure Risk: Individuals with a history of seizures may experience an increased frequency of these events while on morphine. Inform your healthcare provider if you notice an increase in seizures.

• Physical Dependence and Withdrawal: Long-term use of morphine can lead to physical dependence, with withdrawal symptoms arising if the medication is abruptly stopped. To avoid withdrawal, follow your healthcare provider’s guidance for gradually reducing your dose.

• Contraindications: Do not use morphine if you have severe breathing issues, severe asthma, recent use of MAOIs, or medical conditions causing stomach blockages. Always discuss your full medical history with your healthcare provider before starting morphine.

By following these guidelines and working closely with your healthcare provider, you can use morphine safely while managing your pain effectively.

Common side effects:

• nausea
• vomiting
• constipation
• sweating
• lightheadedness
• dizziness
• drowsiness
• sleepiness

Less common but important to monitor:

• mood changes
• confusion
• opioid withdrawal symptoms
• restlessness
• sweating more than usual

Serious side effects:

• slowed breathing
• seizures
• severe drowsiness
• overdose symptoms
• extreme sleepiness
• clammy skin
• serious allergic reactions
• rash
• severe dizziness
• difficulty breathing

Interactions with high risk of serious adverse effects and should be avoided:

• Nalmefene
• Naltrexone
• Safinamide

Interactions with moderate risk that may require dose adjustment, closer monitoring, or timing changes:

• Butorphanol
• Nalbuphine
• Pentazocine
• Samidorphan
• Codeine
• Hydrocodone
• Alprazolam
• Lorazepam
• Zolpidem
• Carisoprodol
• Cyclobenzaprine
• Cetirizine
• Diphenhydramine
• Alcohol
• Marijuana (cannabis)