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The following safety information outlines important considerations for individuals taking tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (Viread). It is crucial to understand these potential risks and precautions to use the medication safely. If you have any concerns, please discuss them with your healthcare provider.

• Worsening of Hepatitis B Infection: If you have hepatitis B and are taking tenofovir, stopping the medication abruptly can exacerbate your liver condition, known as an HBV flare-up. Do not discontinue tenofovir without consulting your doctor. Ensure timely refills to avoid treatment interruption. Your healthcare provider will monitor your liver function with blood tests for several months after stopping the medication.

• Kidney Problems: Some patients on tenofovir have experienced kidney issues, which can occur soon after starting or develop over time. Avoid concurrent use of medications that may harm the kidneys, such as high doses of NSAIDs. Regular blood or urine tests will be conducted by your provider to assess kidney function. Report any persistent bone or muscle pain, or weakness, as these could indicate kidney problems.

• Overactive Immune System: Tenofovir may cause immune reconstitution syndrome, where the immune system becomes overly active and begins combating infections previously unchecked. In rare cases, it may attack normal cells. Symptoms such as fever, pain, hair loss, bulging eyes, or sweating should be promptly reported to your healthcare provider.

• Bone Problems: Users of tenofovir, particularly those treating HIV, may experience reduced bone mineral density, leading to osteoporosis and fractures. Those with kidney issues might also face joint or muscle pain. Your provider might recommend bone density tests and discuss the use of calcium and vitamin D supplements to mitigate bone loss.

• Liver Problems and Lactic Acidosis: While liver problems can affect anyone taking tenofovir, individuals with a history of liver issues, hepatitis B, or C may face heightened risks. Discuss your medical history with your provider to ensure safe usage of the medication.

• Interaction with Other Medications: Certain hepatitis C treatments may increase tenofovir levels in your body, intensifying side effects such as rash, diarrhea, and nausea. Your healthcare provider will monitor these interactions to ensure your safety.

In case of any adverse reactions or signs of overdose, seek immediate medical attention. Always consult your healthcare provider before making any changes to your medication regimen.

When taking this medication, some common side effects may include dizziness, diarrhea, headache, and trouble sleeping. These are usually mild, but if they persist or worsen, consult your healthcare provider. Other common issues might be higher cholesterol levels, rash, pain, increased creatine kinase levels, feelings of depression, nausea, and lack of energy. Additionally, some individuals might experience back pain, fever, upper respiratory or sinus infections, stomach pain, anxiety, vomiting, or joint pain.

Be aware that serious side effects, though rare, can occur and require immediate medical attention. These include a buildup of lactic acid in the blood, characterized by tiredness, muscle pain, and breathing problems. Serious kidney problems may present as tiredness, confusion, nausea, reduced urination, and swelling in the legs, ankles, or feet. Liver issues might manifest as nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, pain in the right side of the stomach, yellowing of the eyes or skin, dark urine, or light-colored stool.

As your immune system strengthens with HIV treatment, it may combat existing infections, potentially causing symptoms to resurface or trigger an overactive immune response. Seek medical help if you experience unexplained weight loss, severe fatigue, persistent muscle weakness, severe headaches, vision changes, or signs of infection. Additionally, report any mental or mood changes, or signs of kidney trouble.

Tenofovir may increase the risk of bone loss, so discuss preventive measures like calcium and vitamin D supplements with your healthcare provider. Rarely, this medication can cause severe liver and blood issues, so promptly report symptoms such as persistent nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, or jaundice. If you notice a rash, it could be a mild reaction, but consult a doctor to rule out a severe reaction. Serious allergic reactions are uncommon but seek immediate help if you experience rash, swelling, severe dizziness, or trouble breathing. Always discuss any unusual symptoms with your healthcare provider.